INTRODUCTION :
CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :
Sustainable development in the concept of necessity and controls imposed by our new technology and society on the Environment's ability to meet the present and future requirements. Thus the idea of Sustainable development provides a structure for the integration of Environmental policies and development strategies having suggestions at International, National, Regional and many Local Levels. Development shouldn't put at risk the Natural structure that support life on earth. Many people in the industrial global today operate with the edge mentality, Which is a human centered view based on the three Erroneous basic ideas :
1. The globally has an unlimited supply of resources for human use.
2. Humans are apart from nature
3. Nature is something to overcome
With this approach towards in nature and mostly technological advances increase our ability to use earth's resources and thus, expand the damage. Although , the awareness is growing fast that we are in a world of termination and ever increasing growth of material utilization can only damage, the life giving physical ingredient of the Environment.
* Conservation of excessive resource use
* Recycling and reuse of materials
* Supplementary use of renewable energy resources like Solar energy rather than non- renewable energy resources such as oil and coal.
Sustainable development also needs practice the basic requires of all destressed people in the world and supplement to all, the opportunities to satisfy their aspirations for a better life. Apart from the world, in which poverty and partiality are condition , will always be prone to ecological and other crisis. In BAPU-GANDHIJI'S word " Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need but not any man's greed ".
FRONTIOR SOCIETY :
*The earth has unlimited Stock of resources.
* After the supply run's out at one place move elsewhere.
* Continued stay addition to our material substance will make life better.
* The cost of any project is intent by the cost of materials, energy and labor
* Nature is something to overcome
* Environmental problems can be solved through our new develop technologies and new laws
* We are above nature and upper-level to it
* Some consume is to be expected in all our human activity
SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY :
* The earth has a limited supply of our resources
* Recycling and the use of renewable energy resources will prevent exhaustion.
* Life's value doesn't depend on our material wealth
* The cost of a project must include external costs such as- Damage to health and environment along with the cost of energy, labor and materials
* We must understand in our nature and to develop a mutually relationship
* We are must all generate new awareness at personal level and also act to solve pressing many problems
* We are a part of nature and should abide by it's rules
EQUITY AND THE COMMON INTEREST OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :
The ecological balance with inter-relation don't respect the boundaries of individual ownership and political jurisdictions. For example - mainly the irrigation practices, manure, pesticides and fertilizers used on one farm affect the productivity of the neighboring ones, especially among small farms.
The new interdependence of various components of the earth was recognized to some extent by traditional social activities which is enforced practices such as community control over agriculture or traditional rights relating with the water , forests and land but with the surge of well technological progress the responsibilities of decision-making are being taken away from traditional communities.
Interdependence is not simply a local phenomenon. Rapid growth in production has extended it to the international plan with both physical and economic manifestations .There are growing global and regional Environmental hazards such as fact of consuming of fossil fuels leading to our global warming or excessive use of chlorofluorocarbons leading to reduction of ozone layer.
Inequalities sharpen when a system approaches ecological limits. For Example :-
When urban air quality degrade, the poor living in unprotected areas suffer more health damage than the rich, who live in cleaner neighborhood and when mineral resources become depleted, late comers to the industrialization process loss the benefits of cheap raw materials. Globally, rich nations are well placed financially and new technologically to manage with the effects of resource consumption and Environmental humiliation.
We can declare that our incapacity to encourage common interest in sustainable development is often a product of the neglect of economic and social justice within and amongst the nation's. Although, the search for common interests would be less difficult if all develop and Environmental problems are tackled in totality for the enhancement of whole humanity. As well as our growing understanding of the global interconnection would produce a more thoughtful approach to our development.
STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY :
Sustainable society will require policy changes at global level and basic changes in the way people interact with the environment .We will now explain some of these aspects.
TECHNOLOGY :
We are knowledgeable that high new technology has played a major role in environmental deterioration and destruction throughout the world. Although advantage to society, new technology has exacted its own price. The challenge, then before humanity is to redirect it's use to make it more an energy systematic, less risky, cleaner and more humane. As you have read before time, the new resource depletion strategies in Sustainable Development are conservation, re-cycling and reuse of waste material and use of renewable resources, wherever possible.
The appear new technology is called appropriate technology which depend basically on the use of smaller, repairable machines with production methods that use optimum energy and materials and cause less pollution. It benefits general people, Communities and all nations helping them become more self-dependence by using raw materials that are available for locally.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY :
1. Always Small to medium-sized machines are used which maximize human solutions.
2. Technology is simple and easy to understand
3. Employees do a variety of assignment resulting in grow works
4. It is less capital all inclusive and maintenance is very easy
5. Local supplies are used, products are mainly generate for local use leading to self sufficiencies.
6. Several local production , control and small scale productivity
7. It emphasizes the use of fully unprocessed biodegradable materials
8. Small quantity of energy and material store and small quant of pollution
9.The mostly used of renewable energy supplies is emphasized
10. Reconcilable with local culture and the environment
11. It motivate local talents , handicrafts and the Products are well durable
Proper new technology is dominant as it increases employment and need low investment. It is also energy efficient on small scale and is suitable with environment because of low energy requires and minimum pollution. Relevant new technology is especially useful in all developing countries, who have an abundance of manpower should look for labor- intensive technology. High new technology usually puts people out if work, although it increases the population. In addition with the conservation cost and high energy requirement of these new technologies are sometimes too much for all developing countries.
ECONOMICS :
In all countries of the world, rich or poor, the process of economically growth to achieve sustainable society must be based upon the realities of existing renewable energy and non- renewable energy resources. Although , most of the times it is not so, For example- Income from forestry operational projects and mining is generally measured in expression of value of timber and other products extracted minus the cost of extraction. Whereas the cost of improve the forests land after mining is not taken into account. Similarly defective accounting arise in the exploitation of other many natural resources.
POPULATION :
The sustainability of development is intimately link to the dynamics of population growth. Overall the rate of population increased in developed countries is under minimum 1%. Though, levels of materials and energy use are much higher in developing countries. Greater part of global population increase takes place in developing countries and is much faster than the capacity to cope with, Therefore, sustainable development can be convince more easily if population capacity is stabilized at a level stable with productive capacity of the ecosystem.
CONSERVATION :
To meet our requires on a sustainable basis, Earth's nature air must be maintained and intensify. The shift to appropriate new technology and expand use of renewable energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy etc. can help us conserve our natural reserves. Recycling and reuse of the wastes material such as, Conservation of biological wastes into BIOGAS can help us minimize the use of our natural resources. Apart from meeting the developmental goals preservation of nature is also a part of our moral responsibility to other living beings and the future generations.
Today, however, there is a general awareness of Environmental impact in both rich and poor nations. Worldwide many organizations are involved in the studies of critical issues of energy, population, resources and environment. Many people in all developed countries are easier their life- style. Mainly the number of Governmental environmental protection agencies in poorer countries have increased ten-folds between 1972 and 1984. All these indicate the beginning of a new society. Still we are a long way from becoming a truly sustainable civilization which means changes at global level so as to maintain the ecological balance and fair-minded distribution of profits among all the people of the world satisfy their needs and desires.
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